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Fractographic ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇÑ HEROShaper ´ÏÄÌƼŸ´½ Àüµ¿ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÇÇ·ÎÆÄÀý¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â Ç¥¸é°áÇÔÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ

The Effect of Surface Defects on the Cyclic Fatigue Fracture of HEROShaper Ni-Ti rotary files in a Dynamic Model: A Fractographic Analysis

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ÀÌÁ¤±Ô ( Lee Jung-Kyu ) - ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ º¸Á¸Çб³½Ç
±èÀǼº ( Kim Eui-Seong ) - ¿¬¼¼´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ Ä¡°úº¸Á¸Çб³½Ç
°­¸íÈñ ( Kang Myoung-Whai ) - ¼­¿ï´ëÇб³ Ä¡ÀÇÇдëÇпø º¸Á¸Çб³½Ç
±Ý±â¿¬ ( Kum Kee-Yeon ) - ¼­¿ï´ëÇб³ Ä¡ÀÇÇдëÇпø º¸Á¸Çб³½Ç

Abstract

º» ¿¬±¸ÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ´ÏÄÌƼŸ´½ Àüµ¿ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÇÇ·ÎÆÄÀý¿¡ À־ Ç¥¸é °áÇÔÀÇ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ±Ô¸íÇÏ°íÀÚ fatigue tester¿¡¼­ ¹Ýº¹Àû ÀÎ fatigue force¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ ÈÄ ÆÄÀýµÈ ´Ü¸éÀ» ÁÖ»çÀüÀÚÇö¹Ì °æÀ¸·Î °üÂûÇÏ¿© ÆÄÀý ¿ªÇÐÀ» ±Ô¸íÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÃÑ 45°³ÀÇ #30/.04 taper¿Í 21 mmÀÇ HEROShaper ´ÏÄÌ-ƼŸ´½ Àüµ¿ÆÄÀÏÀ» 15°³¾¿ 3°³ÀÇ ±ºÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ¿´´Ù. Á¦ 1±ºÀº °áÇÔÀÌ ¾ø´Â »õ HEROShaperÆÄÀÏ, Á¦ 2±ºÀº Á¦Á¶°úÁ¤¿¡¼­ metal rollover³ª machining marks¿Í °°Àº Ç¥¸é°áÇÔÀ» °®´Â HEROShaperÆÄÀÏ, Á¦ 3±ºÀº ÀÓ»ó¿¡¼­ 4- 6°³ÀÇ ±¸Ä¡ºÎ ±Ù°üÀÇ È®´ë¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ HEROShaper ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¸ðµç ÆÄÀϵéÀº ȸÀü¼Óµµ(300 rpm)¿Í pecking distance (3 mm)°¡ ÀÏÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô ¸ÂÃá fatigue tester¿¡¼­ ÆÄÀýµÉ ¶§±îÁö ½Ã°£À» ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ ÈÄ Åë°èºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ °¢ ±º°£ÀÇ À¯ÀǼºÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿´°í, ÆÄÀý ´Ü¸éÀÇ farctographic analysis¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÆÄÀý¿ªÇÐÀ» ±Ô¸íÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ¿´´Ù ½ÇÇè°á°ú Æò±Õ ÆÄÀý½Ã°£¿¡ À־ group 1°ú 2, group 1°ú 3»çÀÌ¿¡´Â Åë°èÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î À¯ÀÇÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸³ª (p<0.05), group 2¿Í 3»çÀÌ¿¡´Â Åë°èÇÐÀûÀÎ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. Fractographic analysis °á°ú ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÆÄÀý¸é¿¡¼­ microvoid¿Í dimple ¼Ò°ßÀ» °®´Â ductile fracture¾ç»óÀÌ °üÂûµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ brittle fracture°¡ ÀϾ ÆÄÀý¸é¿¡¼­´Â ÆÄÀý¼± Àü¹æ¿¡ ¼ö ¸¹Àº striationµéÀÌ °üÂûµÇ¾ú°í transgranular ¹× intergranular cleavage ¼Ò°ßµµ º¸¿´´Ù. Ç¥¸é°áÇÔÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Á¦ 2, 3 ±ºÀÇ ÆÄÀý´Ü¸é¿¡¼­´Â ¸ðµç ½ÃÆí¿¡¼­ Ç¥¸é°áÇÔÀÌ °üÂûµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº °á°ú·Î ¹Ì·ç¾î º¸¾Æ Ç¥¸é°áÇÔÀÌ ¹Ýº¹ ÇÇ·ÎÆÄÀý¿¡¼­ ¹Ì¼¼±Õ¿­ÀÇ ±â½ÃÁ¡À¸·Î Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» Çϸç fractographyºÐ¼®¹ýÀº Ni-Ti ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÆÄÀý¿ªÇÐÀ» ±Ô¸íÇϴµ¥ À¯¿ëÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.

This in vitro study examined the effect of surface defects on cutting blades on the extent of the cyclic fatigue fracture of HEROShaper Ni-Ti rotary files using fractographic analysis of the fractured surfaces. A total of 45 HEROShaper (MicroMega) Ni-Ti rotary flies with a #30/.04 taper were divided into three groups of 15 each. Group 1 contained new HEROShapers without any surface defects. Group 2 contained HEROShapers with manufacturing defects such as metal rollover and machining marks. Croup 3 contained HEROShapers that had been clinically used for the canal preparation of 4-6 molars A fatigue-testing device was designed to allow cyclic tension and compressive stress on the tip of the instrument whilst maintaining similar conditions to those experienced in a clinic. The level of fatigue fracture time was measured using a computer connected the system. Statistical analysis was performed using a Tukey¡¯¡¯s test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for fractographic analysis of the fractured surfaces. The fatigue fracture time between groups 1 and 2, and between groups 1 and 3 was significantly different (p<0.05) but there was no significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (p>0.05). A low magnification SEM views show brittle fracture as the main initial failure mode At higher magnification, the brittle fracture region showed clusters of fatigue striations and a large number of secondary cracks. These fractures typically led to a central region of catastrophic ductile failure. Qualitatively, the ductile fracture region was characterized by the formation of microvoids and dimpling. The fractured surfaces of the HEROShapers in groups 2 and 3 were always associated with pre-existing surface defects. Typically, the fractured surface in the brittle fracture region showed evidence of cleavage (transgranular) facets across the grains, as well as intergranular facets along the grain boundaries. These results show that surface defects on cutting blades of Ni-Ti rotary files might be the preferred sites for the origin of fatigue fracture under experimental conditions. Furthermore this work demonstrates the utility of fractography in evaluating the failure of Ni-Ti rotary flies.

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Surface defect;Fatigue fracture;Ductile fracture;Striation;HEROShaper;Fractographic analysis

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